Samurai Legacy and Secrets Beneath the Surface

South of Nagano City, the former castle town of Matsushiro preserves its rich past with quiet dignity. Once home to the powerful Sanada clan, it served as the region’s cultural and political center long before Nagano rose to prominence in the modern era. While today it moves at a quieter pace, Matsushiro remains deeply rooted in its samurai heritage. The village offers to visitors a rare window into a time when warriors shaped the nation’s future.

The samurai spirit still runs deep here. Streets are lined with traditional homes, some carefully preserved and now open to the public. The Sanada Residence, the Samurai School (Bunbu Gakko), and the ruins of Matsushiro Castle offer visitors a vivid glimpse into the lifestyle of the warrior elite. At the Sanada Treasure Museum, family heirlooms and historical artifacts tell stories of honor, craftsmanship, and the enduring legacy of one of Japan’s most respected clans.

WWII Undergrounds Headquarters

But not all of Matsushiro’s history lies above ground. In the final days of World War II, a massive system of underground tunnels was carved into the nearby mountains. Part of a secret government relocation plan, these tunnels were never completed, yet some sections of the Zōzan Underground Imperial Headquarters remain open to the public. It’s a rare and sobering site that sheds light on a lesser-known chapter of Japan’s wartime contingency efforts.

Beyond the history books, the castle town of Matsushiro offers a peaceful escape from modern life. Quiet shrines rest under old trees, rice fields stretch toward the mountains, and the air carries a calm that’s hard to find in the city. It’s a place that encourages visitors to slow down, reflect and uncover the layers of what came before.

Wheter you’re drawn by samurai tales, wartime secrets or the sheer charm of a forgotten capital, Matsushiro is a reminder that some of the most compelling stories lie just off the main road.

For travelers interested in samurai heritage, off-the-beaten-path discoveries, or a slower pace steeped in modern history, Matsushiro offers something special. It may not draw crowds like other destinations. But Matsushiro leaves a lasting impression with its quiet depth and enduring character.